2013 Nissan Altima Transmission Problems

The 2013 Nissan Altima, a popular mid-size sedan, offered a blend of fuel efficiency, comfort, and technology that appealed to a wide range of drivers. However, like many vehicles, it wasn't without its flaws, and one area that garnered significant attention was its Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT). This article delves into the specifics of the 2013 Altima's transmission issues, providing insights for owners, mechanics, and prospective buyers.

Understanding the 2013 Nissan Altima's CVT

The 2013 Altima primarily featured a Jatco CVT7 (RE0F11A) transmission, designed to maximize fuel economy by providing a seamless, gearless driving experience. Unlike traditional automatic transmissions with fixed gear ratios, a CVT uses a belt and pulley system to offer an infinite range of gear ratios. This theoretically allows the engine to operate at its most efficient RPM regardless of vehicle speed. The 2013 Altima's engine options typically included a 2.5-liter four-cylinder (QR25DE) and a 3.5-liter V6 (VQ35DE), both paired with the CVT.

Common Transmission Problems: Symptoms and Causes

Several recurring problems plagued the 2013 Altima's CVT. Understanding these issues is crucial for diagnosis and repair:

Shuddering and Jerking: One of the most frequently reported symptoms is a noticeable shudder or jerking during acceleration, especially at lower speeds. This can feel like the transmission is slipping or struggling to find the right gear.
Hesitation and Delayed Acceleration: Drivers often experienced a lag or delay between pressing the accelerator and the vehicle responding. This hesitation could be particularly concerning when merging onto highways or navigating traffic.
Overheating: The CVT is susceptible to overheating, especially under demanding driving conditions such as towing or prolonged high-speed driving. Overheating can damage the transmission fluid and internal components.
Transmission Slipping: In more severe cases, the CVT may exhibit slipping, where the engine revs up without a corresponding increase in vehicle speed. This indicates a loss of friction within the transmission.
Complete Transmission Failure: Ultimately, some 2013 Altima owners experienced complete transmission failure, requiring costly repairs or replacement.

These problems stem from various factors:

Degradation of Transmission Fluid: CVT fluid is critical for lubricating and cooling the internal components. Over time, the fluid can degrade due to heat and friction, losing its effectiveness and contributing to wear.
Wear on the Belt and Pulleys: The belt and pulley system within the CVT is subject to wear, especially under high stress. Worn components can cause slippage, shuddering, and eventual failure.
Valve Body Issues: The valve body controls the flow of transmission fluid to various components. Malfunctions in the valve body can disrupt fluid pressure and contribute to shifting problems.
Software Glitches: In some cases, software issues in the transmission control module (TCM) can contribute to shifting problems.

Diagnostic Procedures and Repair Strategies

Diagnosing CVT problems requires a systematic approach. Mechanics typically employ the following methods:

Visual Inspection: A thorough visual inspection of the transmission, including checking for leaks and external damage.
Fluid Check: Examining the transmission fluid's level, color, and smell. Dark, burnt-smelling fluid indicates degradation and potential internal damage.
Scan Tool Diagnostics: Using a scan tool to retrieve diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) from the TCM. These codes can provide valuable clues about the nature of the problem. Common codes related to CVT issues include P0741 (Torque Converter Clutch Circuit Performance or Stuck Off), P1778 (Step Motor Function), and P0868 (Transmission Fluid Pressure Low).
Live Data Monitoring: Monitoring live data from the TCM, such as fluid temperature, input shaft speed, and output shaft speed, to identify anomalies.
Test Drive: A test drive to observe the transmission's behavior under various driving conditions.

Repair strategies vary depending on the severity of the problem:

Fluid Change: A CVT fluid change is often the first step in addressing minor shifting problems. Using the correct Nissan CVT fluid (NS-2 or NS-3 depending on the specific model) is crucial. Never use conventional automatic transmission fluid in a CVT.
Valve Body Repair or Replacement: If the valve body is identified as the source of the problem, it may be possible to repair or replace it.
Belt and Pulley Replacement: In cases of significant wear on the belt and pulleys, replacement is necessary. This is a complex repair that requires specialized tools and expertise.
Transmission Replacement: In cases of complete failure, transmission replacement is often the only option. This can be a costly repair, ranging from $3,000 to $5,000 or more.
TCM Reprogramming: For software-related issues, reprogramming the TCM may resolve the problem.

Preventative Maintenance and Long-Term Care

While CVT problems can be frustrating, proper maintenance can significantly extend the transmission's lifespan. Consider these preventative measures:

Regular Fluid Changes: Adhere to Nissan's recommended CVT fluid change interval, or even shorten it if you frequently drive under demanding conditions. Many mechanics recommend changing the CVT fluid every 30,000 to 50,000 miles.
Avoid Aggressive Driving: Minimize hard acceleration and prolonged high-speed driving, which can generate excessive heat and stress on the CVT.
Proper Towing Practices: If you plan to tow with your Altima, ensure that it is properly equipped and follow Nissan's towing guidelines. Overloading the vehicle can put undue strain on the transmission.
Monitor Fluid Temperature: Consider installing a transmission fluid temperature gauge to monitor fluid temperature and take corrective action if it becomes excessively high.
Address Problems Promptly: Don't ignore unusual noises, vibrations, or shifting problems. Addressing these issues early can prevent more serious damage.

The 2013 Altima CVT Controversy and Lawsuits

The prevalence of CVT problems in the 2013 Nissan Altima (and other Nissan models with similar CVTs) led to significant controversy and even class-action lawsuits. Owners alleged that Nissan was aware of the transmission defects but failed to adequately address them. These lawsuits sought compensation for repair costs and diminished vehicle value. While the specific outcomes of these lawsuits varied, they underscored the widespread frustration and financial burden faced by many Altima owners.

Alternatives and Considerations for Prospective Buyers

If you're considering purchasing a used 2013 Nissan Altima, it's essential to be aware of the potential CVT issues. Here are some recommendations:

Thorough Inspection: Have a qualified mechanic inspect the transmission before you buy the vehicle. Pay close attention to any signs of shuddering, slipping, or hesitation during a test drive.
Check Maintenance Records: Review the vehicle's maintenance records to verify that the CVT fluid has been changed regularly.
Consider an Extended Warranty: If possible, purchase an extended warranty that covers the transmission.
Explore Alternatives: Consider other mid-size sedans from the same year that may have a more reliable transmission. The Honda Accord and Toyota Camry are often cited as alternatives with better reliability records.
Negotiate Price Accordingly: The potential for CVT problems should be factored into the vehicle's price. Be prepared to negotiate accordingly.

Conclusion

The 2013 Nissan Altima's CVT issues represent a significant concern for owners and prospective buyers. While proper maintenance can help mitigate the risk of problems, it's essential to be aware of the potential for failure. By understanding the symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and repair strategies, owners can make informed decisions about their vehicle's care. For those considering a used 2013 Altima, a thorough inspection and careful consideration of alternatives are crucial to avoid potential headaches down the road. The Jatco CVT7 transmission, while innovative in its design, proved to be a weak link in the 2013 Altima's overall reliability.