2014 Nissan Altima Tank Size

The 2014 Nissan Altima, a mid-size sedan known for its fuel efficiency and comfortable ride, boasts a fuel tank that plays a crucial role in its overall performance and range. Understanding the tank's capacity, materials, and related components is essential for owners, mechanics, and anyone interested in the technical aspects of this popular vehicle.

Fuel Tank Capacity and Its Significance

The 2014 Nissan Altima comes with a standard fuel tank capacity of 18.0 gallons (approximately 68 liters). This capacity is consistent across all trim levels and engine options offered in that model year, including both the 2.5-liter four-cylinder and the 3.5-liter V6 engines. Having a consistent fuel tank size simplifies parts sourcing and maintenance procedures.

The 18-gallon capacity strikes a balance between providing a respectable driving range and minimizing weight. A larger tank would extend the range but increase the vehicle's overall weight, potentially impacting fuel economy and handling. Conversely, a smaller tank would reduce weight but necessitate more frequent refueling stops.

Real-world driving range is, of course, dependent on several factors, including driving habits, road conditions, and the specific engine installed. However, with careful driving, an Altima equipped with the 2.5-liter engine can realistically achieve a range of over 500 miles on a single tank of fuel. The V6 model, while offering greater performance, will typically yield a slightly shorter range due to its higher fuel consumption.

Calculating Estimated Range

To estimate the range of your 2014 Altima, you can use the following formula:

Estimated Range = Fuel Tank Capacity x Fuel Economy (MPG)

For example, if your Altima achieves an average fuel economy of 30 MPG, the estimated range would be:

18 gallons x 30 MPG = 540 miles

This is a theoretical maximum range. Always factor in a reserve capacity and your individual driving conditions.

Fuel Tank Materials and Construction

The fuel tank in the 2014 Nissan Altima is typically constructed from high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a durable and lightweight plastic material. HDPE offers several advantages over traditional metal tanks, including:

Corrosion Resistance: HDPE is impervious to rust and corrosion, a common issue with metal fuel tanks, especially in regions with harsh weather conditions.
Impact Resistance: HDPE can withstand significant impacts without fracturing or leaking.
Weight Reduction: HDPE is significantly lighter than metal, contributing to improved fuel economy and handling.
Molding Flexibility: HDPE allows for complex tank shapes to be molded, maximizing space utilization within the vehicle's chassis.

The tank itself is usually manufactured using a blow-molding process, creating a seamless and leak-proof container. This process involves inflating molten plastic inside a mold to form the desired shape.

Fuel Tank Components and System Overview

The fuel tank is not simply a container for gasoline. It's an integral part of a complex fuel system that delivers fuel to the engine. Key components associated with the fuel tank in the 2014 Nissan Altima include:

Fuel Pump: Located inside the fuel tank, the fuel pump is an electric pump responsible for delivering fuel to the engine at the required pressure. A failing fuel pump is a common cause of starting problems and reduced engine performance.
Fuel Level Sensor (Fuel Sending Unit): This sensor measures the amount of fuel remaining in the tank and relays this information to the fuel gauge on the instrument cluster. Malfunctions can lead to inaccurate fuel level readings.
Fuel Filter: Although some models may have an in-line fuel filter, the 2014 Altima often integrates the fuel filter with the fuel pump module, inside the tank. This filter prevents contaminants from reaching the engine.
Fuel Filler Neck and Cap: The filler neck provides access for refueling, and the cap seals the tank to prevent fuel evaporation and spillage. A loose or damaged fuel cap can trigger a check engine light due to evaporative emissions leaks.
Vapor Recovery System (EVAP): This system captures fuel vapors and prevents them from escaping into the atmosphere. It typically includes a charcoal canister, various valves, and hoses. A malfunctioning EVAP system is another common cause of check engine lights.
Fuel Lines: These lines transport fuel from the tank to the engine and return excess fuel back to the tank.

Common Fuel Tank Issues and Maintenance

While the HDPE fuel tank itself is generally durable, several issues can arise within the fuel system that require attention.

Fuel Pump Failure: As mentioned earlier, a failing fuel pump is a common problem. Symptoms include difficulty starting, stalling, reduced power, and a whining noise from the fuel tank area.
Fuel Level Sensor Malfunction: Inaccurate fuel gauge readings can be frustrating and potentially lead to running out of fuel unexpectedly. A faulty fuel level sensor is usually the culprit.
EVAP System Leaks: Small leaks in the EVAP system can trigger a check engine light and may require a smoke test to locate the source. Common leak points include the fuel cap, hoses, and charcoal canister.
Contaminated Fuel: Introducing contaminated fuel into the tank can clog the fuel filter and damage the fuel pump and injectors. Always use reputable gas stations and avoid using old or questionable fuel.
Physical Damage: While HDPE is impact-resistant, severe impacts from road debris or accidents can damage the fuel tank, leading to leaks.

Regular maintenance can help prevent some of these issues. Key maintenance tasks include:

Using Quality Fuel: Using fuel with the recommended octane rating helps ensure optimal engine performance and reduces the risk of fuel-related problems.
Replacing the Fuel Filter (if applicable): If your Altima has a separate, replaceable fuel filter, follow the manufacturer's recommended replacement interval.
Inspecting Fuel Lines and Hoses: Regularly inspect fuel lines and hoses for cracks, leaks, or deterioration.
Ensuring a Tight Fuel Cap: Always ensure the fuel cap is properly tightened after refueling to prevent evaporative emissions leaks.
Addressing Check Engine Lights Promptly: Ignoring check engine lights can lead to more serious problems down the road. Have the vehicle diagnosed by a qualified mechanic as soon as possible.

Fuel Tank Removal and Replacement

Removing and replacing the fuel tank is a complex task that should only be performed by qualified technicians with the proper tools and equipment. The process typically involves the following steps:

Safely Depressurizing the Fuel System: This involves relieving the fuel pressure to prevent fuel spillage and potential hazards.
Disconnecting Electrical Connections: Disconnect the fuel pump wiring harness and any other electrical connections associated with the fuel tank.
Disconnecting Fuel Lines: Carefully disconnect the fuel lines from the fuel tank, taking precautions to prevent fuel spillage.
Supporting the Fuel Tank: Use a jack or other suitable support to prevent the fuel tank from falling when the mounting straps are removed.
Removing Mounting Straps: Remove the mounting straps that secure the fuel tank to the vehicle's chassis.
Lowering the Fuel Tank: Carefully lower the fuel tank and remove it from the vehicle.
Transferring Components (if necessary): Transfer the fuel pump, fuel level sensor, and other components from the old tank to the new tank.
Installing the New Fuel Tank: Install the new fuel tank, following the reverse order of removal.
Reconnecting Fuel Lines and Electrical Connections: Reconnect the fuel lines and electrical connections, ensuring they are properly secured.
Pressurizing the Fuel System: Pressurize the fuel system and check for leaks.
Starting the Engine: Start the engine and verify that it runs smoothly.

Important Safety Note: Working with fuel can be dangerous. Always take precautions to prevent fires and explosions. Disconnect the negative battery cable before working on the fuel system. Work in a well-ventilated area and avoid smoking or using open flames.

Aftermarket Fuel Tank Options

While the factory fuel tank is generally sufficient for most drivers, some owners may consider aftermarket fuel tank options for various reasons, such as increasing fuel capacity or improving fuel system performance. Aftermarket options may include larger-capacity tanks for extended range or fuel cells for racing applications.

When considering aftermarket fuel tank options, it's crucial to choose a reputable brand and ensure that the tank meets all applicable safety regulations and standards. Improperly installed or designed fuel tanks can pose serious safety risks.

Conclusion

The 2014 Nissan Altima's 18-gallon fuel tank provides a good balance of range and weight. Understanding the tank's construction, associated components, and common issues is essential for proper maintenance and troubleshooting. By following the recommendations outlined in this article, owners and mechanics can ensure the fuel system operates reliably and safely for years to come. Remember to always prioritize safety when working on any part of the fuel system.