How To Fix A Broken Dashboard
A broken dashboard can range from a minor cosmetic annoyance to a significant safety hazard, depending on the extent of the damage and its location. Addressing this issue promptly is crucial for maintaining vehicle aesthetics, functionality, and even resale value. This article provides a comprehensive guide to diagnosing and repairing common dashboard problems, catering to both DIY enthusiasts and seasoned automotive professionals.
Diagnosing Dashboard Issues
Before reaching for the toolbox, a thorough diagnosis is paramount. Common dashboard problems include cracks, fading, loose panels, non-functional gauges, and electrical malfunctions.
Cracks and Damage
These are perhaps the most visually apparent issues. They can be caused by prolonged sun exposure, extreme temperature fluctuations, or physical impact. The type of plastic used in the dashboard construction significantly impacts repair options. For example, ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) plastic is commonly used and more readily repairable than some other types.
Pro Tip: Examine the crack closely. Is it a surface-level blemish or does it extend deep into the dashboard structure? This will determine the complexity of the repair.
Fading and Discoloration
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major culprit behind fading. Over time, the dashboard's original color can become bleached and uneven. The dashboard material and the type of dye used in its manufacture will determine the extent to which it fades. Darker colors tend to fade more noticeably.
Loose Panels and Trim
Vibrations, age, and improper installation (especially after previous repairs or modifications) can cause dashboard panels and trim pieces to loosen. Check for broken clips, stripped screws, or deteriorated adhesive.
Gauge Malfunctions
Non-functional gauges (speedometer, tachometer, fuel gauge, etc.) can indicate a range of problems, from faulty sensors to wiring issues to a failing instrument cluster itself. Begin by checking the relevant fuses. If the fuse is blown, replacing it might solve the problem. If the fuse blows again, there's likely a short circuit that needs further investigation.
Electrical Problems
Dashboard lights not working, warning lights illuminated unnecessarily, or other electrical anomalies require a systematic approach. Use a multimeter to test voltage and continuity. Refer to the vehicle's wiring diagram to trace circuits and identify potential shorts, open circuits, or faulty grounds. A CAN (Controller Area Network) bus issue can also cause widespread electrical problems throughout the dashboard and vehicle.
Repairing Cracks and Damage
Several methods can address cracks, ranging from simple fillers to more involved plastic welding techniques.
Surface Cracks
For minor surface cracks, a dashboard repair kit containing a flexible filler compound and color-matching pigments can be effective. Clean the area thoroughly with a degreaser. Apply the filler compound according to the manufacturer's instructions, ensuring it's evenly distributed. Allow it to dry completely before sanding it smooth with fine-grit sandpaper. Finally, apply the color-matching pigment to blend the repaired area with the surrounding dashboard.
Deep Cracks and Holes
For deeper cracks or holes, a more robust approach is needed. Consider using a two-part epoxy resin or a plastic welding kit. Plastic welding involves melting the edges of the crack together using a specialized tool. This creates a stronger bond than filler alone. Proper ventilation is essential when using plastic welding equipment due to the fumes produced.
Safety First: Always wear appropriate safety glasses and gloves when working with plastic fillers, epoxy resins, or plastic welding equipment.
Dashboard Covers
If the damage is extensive or you prefer a less labor-intensive solution, consider installing a dashboard cover. These molded covers are designed to fit over the existing dashboard, concealing cracks and blemishes. They are available in various materials and colors to match the vehicle's interior.
Addressing Fading and Discoloration
Restoring faded dashboards requires careful cleaning and the application of specialized protectants.
Cleaning and Preparation
Begin by thoroughly cleaning the dashboard with a mild interior cleaner and a soft microfiber cloth. Avoid harsh chemicals that could further damage the plastic. Pay attention to textured areas where dirt and grime tend to accumulate.
UV Protection
Apply a high-quality UV protectant specifically designed for automotive interiors. These products contain ingredients that block UV rays and help prevent further fading. Apply the protectant evenly and allow it to dry completely.
Dyeing or Painting
In cases of severe fading, dyeing or painting the dashboard may be necessary. This is a more complex process that requires careful preparation and specialized products. Use a plastic-specific dye or paint and follow the manufacturer's instructions precisely. Multiple thin coats are better than one thick coat to avoid runs and drips.
Repairing Loose Panels and Trim
Securing loose dashboard panels and trim often involves replacing broken clips or re-adhering components.
Replacing Broken Clips
Dashboard clips are readily available from automotive parts suppliers. Carefully remove the loose panel and inspect the clips. Identify the broken or missing clips and replace them with new ones. Ensure the clips are securely seated before reattaching the panel.
Re-Adhering Panels
For panels that are held in place with adhesive, remove the old adhesive using a solvent or adhesive remover. Clean the surfaces thoroughly with a degreaser. Apply a thin layer of automotive-grade adhesive to both surfaces and allow it to tack up for a few minutes. Press the panel firmly into place and hold it for several minutes until the adhesive sets.
Troubleshooting Gauge and Electrical Malfunctions
These repairs require a systematic approach and often involve electrical testing equipment.
Fuse Checks
Always start by checking the fuses associated with the malfunctioning gauge or electrical circuit. Consult the vehicle's owner's manual or a wiring diagram to identify the correct fuse. Replace any blown fuses with fuses of the same amperage rating.
Wiring Inspections
Visually inspect the wiring harness for any signs of damage, such as frayed wires, corroded connectors, or loose connections. Repair or replace any damaged wiring as needed. Use a multimeter to test for continuity and voltage at various points in the circuit.
Sensor Testing
If a particular gauge is malfunctioning, the problem may lie with the sensor that provides the input signal. Use a multimeter to test the sensor's output voltage or resistance. Compare the readings to the specifications in the vehicle's repair manual. Replace the sensor if it's faulty.
Instrument Cluster Repair
If the instrument cluster itself is the source of the problem, it may need to be repaired or replaced. This is a complex task that often requires specialized tools and diagnostic equipment. Consider consulting a qualified automotive technician.
Preventative Measures
Taking preventative measures can significantly extend the lifespan of your dashboard and prevent many of the problems described above.
- Park in the shade: Whenever possible, park your vehicle in the shade to minimize exposure to direct sunlight.
- Use a sunshade: When parking in direct sunlight, use a sunshade to block UV rays and reduce heat buildup inside the vehicle.
- Regular cleaning: Clean your dashboard regularly with a mild interior cleaner and a soft microfiber cloth.
- Apply UV protectant: Apply a high-quality UV protectant to your dashboard regularly to prevent fading and cracking.
Repairing a broken dashboard can be a challenging but rewarding task. By following the steps outlined in this guide and using the appropriate tools and materials, you can restore your dashboard to its former glory and maintain the value and functionality of your vehicle. Remember to prioritize safety and consult a qualified automotive technician if you are unsure about any aspect of the repair.