When Did Automatic Doors Come Out
The story of automatic doors is longer and more fascinating than you might think. While you might associate them with modern convenience, the journey from concept to ubiquitous feature spans decades. The general answer to the question "When did automatic doors come out?" is that the first automatic door system was invented in 1931. However, it is important to understand the timeline of events and how the first system differed from what we see today.
A History of Automatic Doors: From Novelty to Necessity
The seeds of automatic door technology were sown much earlier than the 1930s. Hero of Alexandria, a Greek mathematician and engineer, is credited with inventing various automated devices in the 1st century AD, including rudimentary automated doors powered by heat and water. These, however, were more novelties and curiosities rather than practical applications. The modern history of automatic doors begins in the United States.
The Hew Hewitt Invention (1931)
The first practical automatic door was invented by Hew Hewitt and installed at Wilcox’s Pier Restaurant in West Haven, Connecticut, in 1931. This door utilized a photoelectric cell to trigger the opening mechanism. Light sensors detected a person approaching and activated a motor to swing the door open. Though innovative, this early system was bulky, complex, and not entirely reliable by today's standards. It relied on a vacuum tube amplifier, which at the time, was cutting-edge but not known for its dependability. This system represents the true beginning of widespread interest in hands-free door technology.
The Horton Automatics Breakthrough (1954)
A significant leap forward occurred in 1954 when Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt (no relation to Hew Hewitt) partnered to create Horton Automatics Inc. They developed the first commercially successful sliding automatic door. Their design was based on a mat actuator, where pressure on a floor mat activated the door-opening mechanism. This was a simpler and more robust system compared to the photoelectric cell design, leading to its widespread adoption. The Horton Automatics door quickly became a standard feature in supermarkets, banks, and other commercial establishments.
Further Refinements and Technological Advancements
The decades following Horton Automatics' success saw continuous improvements in automatic door technology. These advancements included:
- Improved Sensors: Replacing mat actuators with infrared sensors, microwave sensors, and even computer vision systems for more accurate and efficient detection of approaching individuals.
- Smarter Controls: Microprocessors and computer controls allowed for more sophisticated operation, including adjustable opening speeds, safety features like obstacle detection, and integration with building management systems.
- Energy Efficiency: Doors designed to minimize air leakage and conserve energy through adjustable opening times and tighter seals.
- Enhanced Safety Features: Incorporating features like safety beams to prevent the doors from closing on people and emergency release mechanisms.
- Variety of Designs: Beyond sliding doors, revolving doors, folding doors, and swinging doors all received automatic versions.
Why the Invention of Automatic Doors Matters
The widespread adoption of automatic doors has had a profound impact on accessibility, convenience, and hygiene. Here's why automatic doors matter:
- Accessibility: Automatic doors are essential for people with disabilities, the elderly, and individuals with mobility impairments. They provide barrier-free access to buildings and facilities, promoting inclusivity and independence.
- Convenience: Automatic doors offer convenience for everyone, particularly when carrying groceries, luggage, or pushing strollers. They eliminate the need to struggle with heavy doors, making entry and exit smoother and easier.
- Hygiene: By eliminating the need to touch door handles, automatic doors help to reduce the spread of germs and bacteria. This is particularly important in hospitals, clinics, and food service establishments.
- Energy Efficiency: Modern automatic doors can be designed to minimize air leakage and conserve energy, reducing heating and cooling costs for building owners.
- Enhanced Security: Automatic doors can be integrated with security systems, such as access control and surveillance cameras, to enhance building security.
- Improved Traffic Flow: In high-traffic areas, automatic doors can improve the flow of people in and out of buildings, reducing congestion and waiting times.
How to Choose the Right Automatic Door for Your Needs
Selecting the appropriate automatic door system requires careful consideration of several factors. Here's a breakdown of what to consider:
Traffic Volume and Usage
Estimate the daily traffic volume the door will handle. High-traffic areas require more robust and durable systems. Consider peak hours and any potential surge usage.
Type of Door
Different door types suit different needs. Choose from:
- Sliding Doors: Space-saving, ideal for narrow entrances.
- Swinging Doors: Versatile, suitable for a range of applications.
- Folding Doors: Good for wide openings with limited side space.
- Revolving Doors: Excellent for energy efficiency and controlling traffic flow.
Sensor Technology
Consider the type of sensor that best fits your needs:
- Motion Sensors: Detect movement within a specific range.
- Presence Sensors: Detect if someone is standing near the door.
- Mat Actuators: Activated by pressure on a mat.
Safety Features
Prioritize safety by choosing doors with:
- Safety Beams: Prevent the door from closing on obstructions.
- Emergency Release Mechanisms: Allow manual opening during power outages or emergencies.
- Adjustable Closing Speeds: Customize the closing speed for safety and comfort.
ADA Compliance
Ensure the door meets Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements for accessibility, including minimum opening width, closing speed, and force required to open manually.
Energy Efficiency
Look for doors with features that minimize air leakage and conserve energy, such as insulated door panels and adjustable opening times.
Installation and Maintenance
Choose a reputable installer with experience in automatic door systems. Consider the availability of maintenance services and spare parts.
Real-World Owner Experiences
Business owners who have installed automatic doors often report positive outcomes. They cite increased customer satisfaction due to ease of access, improved hygiene, and a more modern and welcoming appearance. One restaurant owner noted a significant increase in customers with disabilities after installing automatic doors. A hospital administrator highlighted the importance of automatic doors in preventing the spread of infections. However, owners also emphasize the importance of regular maintenance to prevent breakdowns and ensure safe operation. Neglecting maintenance can lead to costly repairs and potential safety hazards. Owners recommend scheduling routine inspections and addressing any issues promptly.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: How much do automatic doors cost?
A: The cost of automatic doors varies widely depending on the type of door, features, and installation requirements. Expect to pay anywhere from a few thousand dollars to tens of thousands of dollars for a complete system.
Q: How often do automatic doors need maintenance?
A: The frequency of maintenance depends on the traffic volume and usage of the door. Generally, it's recommended to have automatic doors inspected and serviced at least once a year, or more frequently for high-traffic areas.
Q: What are the common problems with automatic doors?
A: Common problems include sensor malfunctions, motor failures, door misalignment, and issues with the control system. Regular maintenance can help prevent these issues.
Q: Are automatic doors energy-efficient?
A: Modern automatic doors can be designed to be energy-efficient, with features like insulated door panels and adjustable opening times. However, older or poorly maintained doors can contribute to energy loss.
Q: Are automatic doors safe?
A: When properly installed and maintained, automatic doors are generally safe. However, it's important to choose doors with safety features like safety beams and emergency release mechanisms.
Q: Who invented the first automatic sliding door?
A: Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt (of Horton Automatics) invented the first commercially successful automatic sliding door in 1954.