2014 Nissan Altima Lower Control Arm

Let's dive deep into the lower control arm of the 2014 Nissan Altima. This component, often overlooked until problems arise, plays a crucial role in your vehicle's suspension, handling, and overall safety. This article will provide an in-depth look at the lower control arm, covering its function, common issues, diagnostics, replacement procedures, and some performance considerations.

What is a Lower Control Arm?

The lower control arm, sometimes referred to as the wishbone due to its shape, is a pivotal link in your Altima's suspension system. It connects the vehicle's chassis (the main structural frame) to the wheel hub/knuckle. Think of it as one of the primary levers controlling the vertical movement of the wheel in relation to the car's body. It allows the wheel to move up and down as the suspension absorbs bumps and road imperfections.

Specifically on the 2014 Altima, the lower control arm performs several crucial functions:

Positioning the Wheel: It maintains the proper alignment of the wheel, ensuring that the tire contacts the road surface correctly. This is critical for optimal tire wear, handling, and braking performance.
Controlling Wheel Movement: It works in conjunction with the strut (or coilover) and other suspension components to control the range of motion of the wheel. This prevents excessive bouncing and ensures a smooth ride.
Providing a Mounting Point: The lower control arm serves as a mounting point for the ball joint (which connects to the wheel hub/knuckle) and sometimes the stabilizer bar link (sway bar link).

Construction

Typically, the 2014 Altima lower control arm is constructed from stamped steel or forged aluminum. Steel is more common due to its cost-effectiveness and strength, while aluminum offers a weight reduction advantage. The arm itself is usually a single piece with bushings pressed into its ends.

Bushings are flexible rubber or polyurethane components that allow the control arm to pivot. They absorb vibrations and reduce noise. The ball joint is a spherical bearing that allows for rotational movement of the wheel hub while maintaining a secure connection. It's essential for steering.

Common Problems with Lower Control Arms

Lower control arms are subjected to constant stress and wear from road impacts, weather, and normal use. Here are some common issues you might encounter:

Worn Bushings: This is perhaps the most frequent problem. Over time, the rubber bushings can dry out, crack, and become loose. This leads to excessive play in the suspension, causing clunking noises, vibrations, and poor handling. You might feel a "wandering" sensation in the steering.
Ball Joint Failure: The ball joint is a critical safety component. If it becomes loose or develops excessive play, it can separate, potentially leading to a complete loss of steering control. Symptoms include popping or clicking noises when turning, loose steering, and uneven tire wear.
Bent or Damaged Arm: Hitting a large pothole or curb can bend or damage the control arm itself. This will affect the vehicle's alignment and handling. Visible damage is usually a good indicator.
Corrosion: In regions with harsh winters and salted roads, corrosion can weaken the control arm, leading to premature failure.

Diagnosing Lower Control Arm Problems

Accurate diagnosis is crucial before replacing the lower control arm. Here's a step-by-step approach:

Visual Inspection: Start by visually inspecting the control arm, bushings, and ball joint. Look for cracks, tears, or excessive play in the bushings. Check for any signs of damage or corrosion on the arm itself.
The "Shake Test": With the vehicle safely supported on jack stands (always use jack stands – never rely solely on a jack), grab the tire at the 3 and 9 o'clock positions and try to rock it back and forth. Excessive play suggests a worn ball joint or loose wheel bearing. Repeat this test at the 12 and 6 o'clock positions.
Pry Bar Test: Use a pry bar to carefully apply leverage to the control arm bushings and ball joint. Observe the amount of movement. Excessive movement indicates wear. Be careful not to damage other suspension components during this test.
Road Test: Listen for clunking or popping noises while driving over bumps. Pay attention to how the vehicle handles. Does it wander or pull to one side? Does the steering feel loose?
Alignment Check: Even if you don't notice any obvious symptoms, a bad control arm can throw off the vehicle's alignment. A professional alignment check will reveal any issues.

Important Safety Note: If you suspect a ball joint is failing, replace it immediately. A separated ball joint can be extremely dangerous.

Replacing the Lower Control Arm (DIY Guide)

Replacing a lower control arm is a moderately challenging DIY task. It requires some mechanical skill, proper tools, and a good understanding of suspension systems. If you're not comfortable working on your car's suspension, it's best to take it to a professional mechanic.

Tools Required:

Jack and Jack Stands
Wheel Chocks
Socket Set (Metric)
Wrench Set (Metric)
Torque Wrench
Ball Joint Separator (Pickle Fork or Ball Joint Press)
Penetrating Oil
Hammer
Eye Protection
Gloves

Procedure:

Safety First: Park the vehicle on a level surface, engage the parking brake, and chock the rear wheels. Loosen the lug nuts on the wheel you'll be working on.
Lift and Support: Jack up the vehicle and securely support it with jack stands. Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack. Remove the wheel.
Disconnect Stabilizer Bar Link (if applicable): If the stabilizer bar link is connected to the lower control arm, disconnect it. You may need to use penetrating oil and a wrench to loosen the nut.
Disconnect Ball Joint: This is often the most challenging step. Use a ball joint separator (pickle fork or ball joint press) to separate the ball joint from the wheel hub/knuckle. Be extremely careful not to damage the ball joint boot if you plan to reuse the ball joint (although replacement is generally recommended). Pickle forks can tear the boot.
Loosen Control Arm Bolts: Locate the bolts that secure the control arm to the chassis. Spray them with penetrating oil and let it soak for a few minutes. Use a socket and wrench to loosen the bolts. Do not remove them completely yet.
Remove Control Arm Bolts: Now, remove the control arm bolts completely. Support the control arm as you remove the last bolt to prevent it from dropping.
Remove the Old Control Arm: Carefully maneuver the old control arm out of its mounting location.
Install the New Control Arm: Install the new control arm in the reverse order of removal. Make sure the bushings are properly aligned.
Tighten Bolts to Specification: This is critical. Use a torque wrench to tighten all bolts to the manufacturer's specified torque. Over-tightening can damage the bushings or bolts. Under-tightening can lead to loose components and potential failure. Refer to a repair manual for the correct torque specifications. Tighten the bolts with the suspension loaded (i.e., with the vehicle sitting at ride height) for optimal bushing lifespan. This can be achieved by placing a jack under the lower control arm and lifting it until the vehicle is at its normal ride height.
Reconnect Stabilizer Bar Link (if applicable): Reconnect the stabilizer bar link.
Reinstall Wheel: Reinstall the wheel and tighten the lug nuts to the manufacturer's specified torque.
Lower Vehicle: Lower the vehicle to the ground.
Final Torque Check: Double-check the torque on all bolts, including the lug nuts.
Alignment: Crucially, get a wheel alignment performed by a professional. Replacing a control arm almost always affects the vehicle's alignment.

Performance Considerations

While primarily a functional component, the lower control arm can be upgraded for performance benefits. Aftermarket options often offer increased strength, improved geometry, and adjustable features.

Adjustable Control Arms: These allow you to fine-tune the vehicle's camber and caster angles. This is particularly useful for lowered vehicles or those used for track days.
Polyurethane Bushings: Polyurethane bushings are stiffer than rubber bushings, providing more precise handling and improved responsiveness. However, they can also transmit more road noise and vibrations.
Lightweight Control Arms: Aluminum control arms reduce unsprung weight, improving suspension response and overall handling.

Before making any performance upgrades, research carefully and consider the trade-offs. What works well on the track might not be ideal for daily driving.

Conclusion

The lower control arm is an essential component of your 2014 Nissan Altima's suspension system. Understanding its function, common problems, and replacement procedures will help you keep your vehicle running safely and smoothly. Remember to prioritize safety, use the correct tools, and always follow proper torque specifications. When in doubt, consult a qualified mechanic.