2014 Nissan Altima Power Steering Fluid

Let's talk about the power steering system in your 2014 Nissan Altima, specifically the fluid. Maintaining the correct type and level of power steering fluid is crucial for the proper function and longevity of your power steering system. A neglected system can lead to hard steering, noise, and eventually, expensive repairs. This article provides a detailed look at the power steering system in your Altima, focusing on the fluid itself, maintenance procedures, and troubleshooting common issues.

Understanding the 2014 Altima's Power Steering System

Your 2014 Altima utilizes a hydraulic power steering (HPS) system. This is important to understand because, in some newer vehicles, you'll find Electric Power Steering (EPS) systems which don't use hydraulic fluid at all. In a hydraulic system, a power steering pump, driven by the engine's accessory belt, circulates hydraulic fluid under pressure. This pressurized fluid assists the driver in turning the steering wheel, reducing the effort required, especially at low speeds.

The main components of the HPS system are:

Power Steering Pump: This is the heart of the system, creating the necessary pressure.
Fluid Reservoir: Stores the power steering fluid. It often has markings indicating the correct fluid level (MIN and MAX).
High-Pressure Hose: Carries the pressurized fluid from the pump to the steering gear.
Steering Gear (or Rack and Pinion): Contains a valve that directs the fluid to either side of the piston, providing steering assistance.
Low-Pressure Return Hose: Returns the fluid from the steering gear back to the reservoir.
Power Steering Cooler (if equipped): Some Altimas, particularly those driven in demanding conditions or equipped with larger engines, might have a cooler to help regulate the fluid temperature.

Power Steering Fluid Specifics for the 2014 Altima

The correct power steering fluid is paramount. Using the wrong fluid can damage the seals and other components within the system, leading to leaks and premature wear. The 2014 Nissan Altima typically requires Nissan PSF (Power Steering Fluid) or an equivalent DEXRON III/MERCON automatic transmission fluid that is also explicitly approved for power steering use. While DEXRON III/MERCON fluids *can* be compatible, it's essential to verify that the specific fluid you choose is explicitly listed as suitable for power steering applications. Using just *any* DEXRON III/MERCON fluid without that verification is risky. Nissan PSF is always a safe bet.

Why is the correct fluid so important?

Viscosity: The fluid's viscosity (its resistance to flow) needs to be within a specific range for the pump and steering gear to function correctly.
Lubricity: The fluid provides lubrication for the moving parts within the pump and steering gear, reducing friction and wear.
Seal Compatibility: The fluid must be compatible with the rubber seals and hoses in the system. Incompatible fluids can cause the seals to swell, shrink, or break down, leading to leaks.
Foam Resistance: High-quality power steering fluids contain additives to prevent foaming. Foaming reduces the fluid's ability to lubricate and transfer pressure effectively.

Never use brake fluid in the power steering system. Brake fluid is hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture, and it is incompatible with the seals and materials used in the power steering system. This will cause catastrophic damage.

Checking and Adding Power Steering Fluid

Regularly checking the power steering fluid level is a simple but crucial maintenance task. Here’s how:

Locate the Power Steering Reservoir: Typically, it's a translucent plastic reservoir with a cap marked "Power Steering Fluid" or something similar. Consult your owner's manual if you're unsure of its location.
Clean the Reservoir: Wipe the reservoir and cap clean with a rag to prevent dirt from entering the system when you open it.
Check the Fluid Level: The reservoir usually has markings indicating the minimum (MIN) and maximum (MAX) fluid levels. The level should be between these marks. Some reservoirs have separate markings for "Cold" and "Hot" levels. If so, make sure the engine is at the appropriate temperature when checking.
Add Fluid (if necessary): If the fluid level is below the MIN mark, carefully add power steering fluid, of the correct type, until it reaches the MAX mark. Avoid overfilling.

Important Notes:

Check the fluid level with the engine off.
If you frequently need to add fluid, it indicates a possible leak in the system. Address this issue promptly.

Changing Power Steering Fluid

While simply topping off the fluid is helpful, periodically changing the power steering fluid is essential for maintaining the system's health. Over time, the fluid can become contaminated with dirt, metal particles, and moisture, reducing its effectiveness. Here's a basic procedure, but always refer to your service manual for specific instructions for your Altima:

Raise and Support the Vehicle: Use jack stands to safely support the vehicle.
Locate the Return Hose: Identify the low-pressure return hose that connects to the power steering reservoir.
Disconnect the Return Hose: Carefully disconnect the return hose from the reservoir and direct it into a drain pan. Be prepared for fluid to spill.
Plug the Reservoir Port: Plug the port on the reservoir where the return hose was connected. This prevents air from entering the system. A rubber stopper or a suitable bolt wrapped with Teflon tape can work.
Turn the Steering Wheel: With the engine off, slowly turn the steering wheel lock-to-lock (from one extreme to the other) several times. This will pump out the old fluid from the system. Keep an eye on the fluid level in the reservoir.
Add New Fluid: As the old fluid is being pumped out, continuously add new power steering fluid to the reservoir to prevent the pump from running dry.
Continue Flushing: Continue turning the steering wheel and adding fluid until the fluid coming out of the return hose is clean and new.
Reconnect the Return Hose: Reconnect the return hose to the reservoir.
Check and Adjust Fluid Level: Check the fluid level in the reservoir and add fluid as needed to reach the MAX mark.
Bleed the System: Start the engine and let it idle. Slowly turn the steering wheel lock-to-lock several times to bleed any air from the system. Check the fluid level again and add fluid if necessary.

Safety Precautions:

Always wear safety glasses when working with fluids.
Dispose of used power steering fluid properly at a recycling center.
Avoid getting power steering fluid on your skin. Wash immediately with soap and water if contact occurs.

Troubleshooting Common Power Steering Problems

Here are some common symptoms of power steering problems and possible causes:

Hard Steering: Could be due to low fluid level, a worn-out power steering pump, a clogged filter (if equipped), or a failing steering gear.
Noisy Power Steering Pump: Often indicates low fluid level, air in the system, or a failing pump. A whining noise is a common symptom.
Leaking Power Steering Fluid: Inspect the hoses, pump, steering gear, and reservoir for leaks. Common leak points are hose connections and the pump's seals.
Foaming Power Steering Fluid: Can be caused by air entering the system due to a leak or a low fluid level. It can also indicate a contaminated fluid.
Jerky Steering: May be caused by air in the system, a worn-out steering gear, or a problem with the power steering pump.

Diagnostic Tips:

Check the Belt: Ensure the accessory belt driving the power steering pump is in good condition and properly tensioned. A slipping belt can reduce pump output.
Inspect Hoses: Look for cracks, leaks, and bulges in the power steering hoses.
Listen for Noises: Pay attention to any unusual noises coming from the power steering pump or steering gear.

If you're experiencing power steering problems, it's best to diagnose the issue properly before replacing any parts. A qualified mechanic can use specialized tools and techniques to pinpoint the source of the problem.

Conclusion

Maintaining the power steering system on your 2014 Nissan Altima is relatively straightforward, but it's essential to follow the correct procedures and use the recommended fluid. By regularly checking the fluid level, changing the fluid periodically, and addressing any problems promptly, you can ensure the smooth and reliable operation of your power steering system for years to come. Remember to always consult your owner's manual and service manual for specific instructions and recommendations for your vehicle. Working on your car can be rewarding, but always prioritize safety and seek professional help when needed.