Nissan Altima 2012 Power Steering Fluid

Let's talk about the power steering system in your 2012 Nissan Altima. Specifically, we'll dive into the fluid it uses, why it's important, how to check it, and when/how to change it. Think of this as a comprehensive guide for the intermediate DIYer who wants to understand and maintain their Altima's power steering system.

Understanding Your Altima's Power Steering System

Your 2012 Altima, like most vehicles on the road, uses a hydraulic power steering system. This system relies on fluid pressure to assist you in turning the steering wheel. The heart of the system is the power steering pump. This pump, typically driven by a belt connected to the engine's crankshaft, generates hydraulic pressure.

This pressure is then routed through power steering hoses to the power steering rack (or gear). The rack converts the rotational motion of the steering wheel into linear motion, which in turn moves the tie rods and steers the wheels. The hydraulic pressure reduces the effort required to make this conversion, making steering much easier, especially at low speeds.

Power steering fluid is the lifeblood of this system. It's not just a lubricant; it's a hydraulic fluid specifically formulated to operate under high pressure and temperature, while also preventing corrosion and wear within the system. Using the wrong type of fluid can lead to damage and premature failure of components.

Types of Power Steering Fluid for the 2012 Altima

This is where things can get a little tricky. While some vehicles use universal power steering fluid, your 2012 Altima specifically requires a fluid that meets Nissan's specifications. Using a generic fluid could cause problems. Refer to your owner's manual, but generally, Nissan recommends Nissan PSF (Power Steering Fluid) or an equivalent meeting Nissan's PSF specifications.

Why is this important? Nissan PSF is formulated with specific additives designed to protect the seals and internal components of your Altima's power steering system. These additives prevent foaming, corrosion, and premature wear, especially on the pump. Using a non-compatible fluid could lead to seal degradation, pump failure, or even rack damage. These failures can be expensive to repair.

Important Note: Always double-check your owner's manual for the specific fluid requirement for your Altima based on the production date or trim level.

Checking the Power Steering Fluid Level

Regularly checking the power steering fluid level is crucial for maintaining a healthy power steering system. Luckily, it's a simple process.

1. Locate the Power Steering Reservoir: The power steering reservoir is usually a translucent plastic container, typically found near the engine bay's edge, often near the power steering pump itself. The cap will usually be marked with a steering wheel icon or the words "Power Steering Fluid." Refer to your owner's manual if you have trouble locating it.
2. Check the Fluid Level: Most reservoirs have "MIN" and "MAX" (or "COLD" and "HOT") markings. The fluid level should be between these marks. Check the fluid level when the engine is cold for a more accurate reading if your reservoir is marked with "COLD" and "HOT".
3. Inspect the Fluid: While checking the level, also examine the fluid's appearance. It should be relatively clear and not dark, murky, or contain particles. A brownish color is usually okay, but black or very dark brown fluid is a sign it needs to be changed. Also, smell the fluid. A burnt smell indicates overheating and potential problems.

If the fluid is low, top it off with the correct type of power steering fluid, as specified earlier. However, if you find yourself consistently needing to add fluid, you likely have a leak in the system that needs to be addressed. Look for signs of leakage around the pump, hoses, and rack.

Changing the Power Steering Fluid

Changing the power steering fluid is a preventative maintenance task that can extend the life of your system. While there's no set interval, it's generally recommended every 30,000 to 50,000 miles, or sooner if the fluid appears dirty or contaminated. Here's a DIY approach:

1. Gather Supplies: You'll need the correct type of power steering fluid (enough to flush the system – usually 2-3 quarts), a turkey baster or fluid extractor, a container to catch the old fluid, new hose clamps (optional), a funnel, and some rags.
2. Locate the Return Hose: The return hose is the hose that runs from the power steering rack back to the reservoir. It's usually smaller than the pressure hose. Consult your Altima's service manual or online resources for the exact location.
3. Disconnect the Return Hose: Carefully disconnect the return hose from the reservoir. Have your catch container ready, as fluid will leak out.
4. Plug the Reservoir: Plug the opening on the reservoir where the return hose was connected. You can use a rubber cap or even a clean rag stuffed securely into the opening. This prevents air from entering the system.
5. Extend the Return Hose: Attach a length of clear tubing to the disconnected return hose and direct it into your catch container. This will allow you to see the old fluid being flushed out.
6. "Bleed" the System: With the engine off, have a helper slowly turn the steering wheel from lock to lock (full left to full right) several times. This will pump the old fluid out of the rack and into the catch container. Keep an eye on the reservoir and add fresh fluid as needed to prevent it from running dry. Never let the reservoir run dry, as this can introduce air into the system and damage the pump.
7. Continue Flushing: Continue turning the steering wheel and adding fresh fluid until the fluid coming out of the return hose is clean and new-looking. This indicates that you've flushed out most of the old fluid.
8. Reconnect the Return Hose: Reconnect the return hose to the reservoir, ensuring it's securely clamped. Consider using new hose clamps for a tighter seal.
9. Check the Fluid Level: Top off the power steering fluid to the appropriate level on the reservoir.
10. Bleed the System (Again): Start the engine and let it idle for a few minutes. Again, slowly turn the steering wheel from lock to lock several times. This will help to bleed any remaining air from the system.
11. Check for Leaks: Inspect all connections for leaks.
12. Final Fluid Level Check: Recheck the fluid level after driving for a short distance and top off as needed.

Important Considerations:

• Safety First: Wear eye protection and gloves when working with power steering fluid. It's corrosive and can irritate skin and eyes.
• Proper Disposal: Dispose of the old power steering fluid properly at a recycling center or auto parts store. Do not pour it down the drain or onto the ground.
• Air in the System: If you hear a whining noise from the power steering pump after changing the fluid, it likely indicates air in the system. Continue turning the steering wheel from lock to lock to help bleed the air out. If the noise persists, you may need to consult a mechanic.
• Alternative Method (Suction Method): A simpler, but less thorough method involves using a turkey baster or fluid extractor to remove the fluid from the reservoir and replacing it with fresh fluid. Repeat this process several times over a few days or weeks to gradually refresh the fluid. This method doesn't flush the entire system but is better than nothing.

By following these steps, you can successfully change the power steering fluid in your 2012 Nissan Altima and keep its power steering system operating smoothly for years to come. Remember to always use the correct type of fluid and consult your owner's manual for specific recommendations.