How To Change A Steering Pump
Changing a steering pump might seem daunting, but with the right tools, some patience, and a step-by-step guide, it's a task many DIY enthusiasts can successfully tackle. This article will walk you through the process of replacing your power steering pump, helping you save money and gain valuable experience.
Why Replacing Your Steering Pump Matters
Your power steering pump is a critical component of your vehicle's steering system. It's responsible for generating the hydraulic pressure that assists you in turning the steering wheel, making driving easier and safer, especially at low speeds. When a steering pump fails, you'll likely experience:
- Difficulty steering: The steering wheel will become significantly harder to turn, requiring much more effort.
- Loud noises: A whining or groaning sound, especially when turning the wheel, is a common symptom.
- Steering fluid leaks: You might notice puddles of reddish-brown fluid under your car, often near the front.
- Erratic steering: The steering might feel jerky or inconsistent.
Ignoring these symptoms can lead to further damage to your steering system and potentially dangerous driving conditions. Continuing to drive with a failing power steering pump can also damage the steering rack, hoses, and even the engine if the pump seizes completely. Therefore, addressing the issue promptly is crucial for your safety and the longevity of your vehicle.
How to Choose the Right Power Steering Pump
Selecting the correct replacement power steering pump is essential for a successful repair. Here's what you need to consider:
Vehicle Compatibility
The most important factor is compatibility. A power steering pump designed for one vehicle may not fit or function correctly in another. Always check the following:
- Year, Make, and Model: Ensure the pump is specifically designed for your vehicle's year, make, and model.
- Engine Type: Different engines may require different pumps. Verify the pump is compatible with your engine size and configuration.
- VIN (Vehicle Identification Number): Use your VIN to confirm compatibility with the manufacturer or a reputable auto parts store. This is the most accurate way to ensure you're getting the right part.
New vs. Remanufactured
You have two main options when purchasing a replacement pump: new or remanufactured.
- New Pumps: These are brand-new units manufactured to original equipment (OE) specifications. They tend to be more expensive but offer the highest reliability and longevity.
- Remanufactured Pumps: These are used pumps that have been disassembled, cleaned, inspected, and rebuilt with new or refurbished parts. They are generally more affordable than new pumps and often come with a warranty.
The choice depends on your budget and desired level of reliability. A remanufactured pump from a reputable supplier can be a good option, but ensure it comes with a warranty to protect your investment. Be wary of very cheap, unbranded remanufactured pumps, as their quality may be questionable.
Pump Type
Power steering pumps come in different types, including:
- Vane Pumps: These are the most common type and use rotating vanes to create pressure.
- Roller Pumps: These use rollers instead of vanes and are often found in high-performance applications.
- Electric Power Steering (EPS) Pumps: Some newer vehicles use electric power steering systems, which have an electric motor-driven pump instead of a belt-driven pump. Make sure you are buying the correct type for your vehicle.
Your vehicle will already have a specific type of pump, so be sure to purchase the same type as the original. Consult your owner's manual or a repair database to determine the exact type required.
Brand Reputation
Choosing a reputable brand can ensure you're getting a quality product that will last. Research different brands and read online reviews before making a purchase. Some well-known brands include:
- Cardone: A popular choice for remanufactured pumps.
- ACDelco: The OE supplier for many GM vehicles.
- Bosch: A leading manufacturer of automotive components.
Essential Tools and Materials
Before you begin, gather the necessary tools and materials:
- New power steering pump
- Power steering fluid (compatible with your vehicle)
- Socket set
- Wrench set
- Screwdrivers (various sizes)
- Pliers
- Torque wrench
- Drain pan
- Funnel
- Shop towels or rags
- Gloves
- Safety glasses
- Belt tensioner tool (if applicable)
- Penetrating oil (for stubborn bolts)
Step-by-Step Replacement Guide
- Safety First: Disconnect the negative battery cable to prevent electrical shorts.
- Locate the Power Steering Pump: It's typically located at the front of the engine, driven by a belt.
- Drain the Power Steering Fluid: Place a drain pan under the pump and disconnect the return hose. Direct the hose into the pan. You may need to loosen the hose clamp and gently twist the hose to remove it. Allow the fluid to drain completely. You can also use a syringe to extract fluid from the reservoir.
- Disconnect the Pressure Hose: Carefully disconnect the pressure hose from the pump. This hose is usually held in place with a fitting. Be prepared for some fluid to spill.
- Remove the Drive Belt: Use a belt tensioner tool (or appropriate wrench) to relieve tension on the serpentine belt. Carefully remove the belt from the power steering pump pulley. Note the routing of the belt for reinstallation.
- Disconnect Electrical Connectors (if applicable): Some pumps have electrical connectors. Disconnect these carefully.
- Remove the Pump: Unbolt the pump from its mounting brackets. The number and location of bolts will vary depending on the vehicle. Penetrating oil can help loosen stubborn bolts.
- Install the New Pump: Align the new pump with the mounting brackets and bolt it in place. Torque the bolts to the manufacturer's specifications.
- Reconnect Electrical Connectors (if applicable): Reconnect any electrical connectors that were disconnected.
- Reinstall the Drive Belt: Route the serpentine belt around the power steering pump pulley and use the belt tensioner tool to apply tension. Ensure the belt is properly seated on all pulleys.
- Reconnect the Pressure Hose: Carefully reconnect the pressure hose to the pump and tighten the fitting securely.
- Reconnect the Return Hose: Reconnect the return hose to the pump and secure it with the hose clamp.
- Fill the Power Steering Reservoir: Fill the reservoir with the correct type of power steering fluid to the "full" mark.
- Bleed the System: With the engine off, turn the steering wheel from lock to lock several times. Check the fluid level and add more fluid as needed. Start the engine and repeat the steering wheel turning process. Continue to check and adjust the fluid level until it stabilizes. Listen for any unusual noises.
- Check for Leaks: Inspect all connections for leaks.
- Reconnect the Negative Battery Cable: Reconnect the negative battery cable.
- Test Drive: Take the vehicle for a short test drive and verify that the steering feels normal.
Real-World Owner Experiences
Many car owners have successfully replaced their own power steering pumps. Here are a few common experiences:
- Difficulty Removing the Old Pump: Some owners report struggling with corroded or difficult-to-reach bolts. Using penetrating oil and the right tools can help.
- Air in the System: Bleeding the system thoroughly is crucial to avoid steering problems. Some owners recommend lifting the front wheels off the ground to make bleeding easier.
- Choosing the Right Fluid: Using the wrong power steering fluid can damage the pump and hoses. Always consult your owner's manual or a repair database to determine the correct fluid type.
- Belt Routing Errors: Incorrectly routing the serpentine belt can lead to various problems, including a slipping belt and a non-functional power steering pump. Double-check the belt routing diagram before reinstalling the belt.
Remember to consult online forums and video tutorials specific to your vehicle for additional tips and advice.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How much does it cost to have a mechanic replace a power steering pump?
The cost to have a mechanic replace a power steering pump can vary depending on the vehicle, the labor rate, and the cost of the pump. Generally, you can expect to pay anywhere from $200 to $600, or even more for some luxury or performance vehicles. Getting a quote from several different mechanics is always a good idea.
Can I drive with a bad power steering pump?
While it is *possible* to drive with a bad power steering pump, it is not recommended. The steering will be much harder, making it difficult and potentially dangerous, especially in emergency situations. Additionally, continuing to drive with a failing pump can cause further damage to other components of the steering system.
How long does it take to replace a power steering pump?
For a DIYer with some experience, replacing a power steering pump typically takes 2-4 hours. If you're unfamiliar with the process, it may take longer. Professional mechanics can often complete the job in 1-2 hours.
How do I know if my power steering pump is bad?
Common signs of a bad power steering pump include:
- Difficulty steering
- Whining or groaning noises when turning the wheel
- Steering fluid leaks
- Erratic steering
What type of power steering fluid do I need?
The type of power steering fluid required varies depending on the vehicle. Consult your owner's manual or a repair database to determine the correct fluid type. Using the wrong fluid can damage the pump and hoses.
By following these steps and tips, you can confidently replace your power steering pump and get your vehicle back on the road safely. Remember to prioritize safety and consult a professional if you're unsure about any part of the process.
