How To Change Washer Fluid Reservoir

Is your windshield covered in grime because your washer fluid just isn't spraying? A faulty washer fluid reservoir can be a real headache, especially when visibility is already compromised by weather or road conditions. We'll walk you through the process of diagnosing the problem and replacing the reservoir, getting you back to clear vision in no time. Maintaining a functioning windshield washer system isn't just about convenience; it's about safety. Clear visibility is paramount to safe driving, and neglecting a malfunctioning washer fluid system can create dangerous situations.

Symptoms of a Faulty Washer Fluid Reservoir

Recognizing the symptoms early can prevent further complications. Here are some common signs that your washer fluid reservoir might be failing:

• No Washer Fluid Spray: This is the most obvious symptom. You activate the windshield washer, but nothing comes out.
• Weak or Inconsistent Spray: The fluid might dribble out, spray weakly, or only spray from some nozzles.
• Washer Fluid Leaks: Puddles of blue (or whatever color your washer fluid is) under the front of your car are a telltale sign.
• Low Washer Fluid Warning Light: This light might be constantly on, even after you've filled the reservoir. This could also indicate a faulty sensor but should be investigated alongside the reservoir.
• Whirring Noise from the Washer Pump: You might hear the washer pump motor running, but no fluid is being pumped. This could point to a broken pump or a disconnected hose, but a cracked or leaking reservoir will often cause the pump to run dry and eventually fail.
• Visible Cracks or Damage to the Reservoir: A visual inspection might reveal cracks, breaks, or other damage to the plastic reservoir itself.
• Smell of Washer Fluid: A strong smell of washer fluid, particularly near the front of the car, could indicate a leak.

Root Causes of Washer Fluid Reservoir Failure

Several factors can contribute to a failing washer fluid reservoir. Understanding these causes can help you prevent future problems:

• Cracks and Leaks: Over time, the plastic reservoir can become brittle and develop cracks due to temperature fluctuations, exposure to sunlight (UV degradation), and impacts from road debris. These cracks lead to leaks and loss of fluid. Impact damage, such as from a minor fender bender or hitting a large object in the road, is a common culprit.
• Pump Failure: While not directly a reservoir issue, a failing washer pump can sometimes be *caused* by a failing reservoir. If the reservoir leaks, the pump can run dry and burn out. Also, debris in a cracked reservoir can clog and damage the pump.
• Loose or Cracked Hoses: The hoses connecting the reservoir to the pump and the nozzles can become brittle, cracked, or disconnected, leading to leaks or a loss of pressure.
• Failed Seals: The seals around the pump and any other fittings on the reservoir can degrade over time, leading to leaks.
• Freezing Weather: If you use water or a diluted washer fluid mixture during freezing temperatures, the liquid can freeze and expand, cracking the reservoir. Always use winter-specific washer fluid designed to withstand freezing temperatures.
• Age and Material Degradation: Like any plastic component on your vehicle, the washer fluid reservoir is subject to natural degradation over time. The plastic can become brittle and more prone to cracking, especially in extreme climates.

Consequences of Ignoring a Faulty Washer Fluid Reservoir

Ignoring a malfunctioning washer fluid reservoir can have serious consequences:

• Impaired Visibility: The most immediate consequence is reduced visibility in inclement weather or when your windshield becomes dirty. This significantly increases the risk of accidents.
• Damaged Windshield: Using your wipers on a dry windshield can scratch and damage the glass over time. Washer fluid lubricates the windshield and helps remove dirt and debris safely.
• Washer Pump Failure: As mentioned earlier, a leaking reservoir can cause the washer pump to run dry, leading to premature pump failure and the added expense of replacing the pump.
• Safety Hazard: In some jurisdictions, operating a vehicle with a non-functioning windshield washer system is illegal and can result in a fine.
• Corrosion: Leaking washer fluid can sometimes contain chemicals that, over time, contribute to corrosion of surrounding metal components.

Recommended Fixes: Replacing the Washer Fluid Reservoir

The most common and effective solution for a cracked or leaking washer fluid reservoir is replacement. Here's a general guide to the process:

1. Gather Your Tools and Materials: You'll need a new washer fluid reservoir (ensure it's the correct part for your vehicle's make and model), a socket set, screwdrivers (both Phillips and flathead), pliers, a drain pan, new washer fluid, and potentially a new washer pump (if the old one is damaged or very old). Gloves and safety glasses are also recommended.
2. Drain the Existing Washer Fluid: If there's still fluid in the reservoir, drain it into a drain pan. You can usually disconnect one of the hoses at the bottom of the reservoir or use a siphon to remove the fluid. Dispose of the used fluid properly (check your local regulations).
3. Disconnect the Washer Pump: Locate the washer pump (usually attached to the bottom or side of the reservoir). Disconnect the electrical connector(s) and any hoses attached to the pump. Note the orientation of the hoses for easy reconnection. Sometimes, the pump simply pulls out of a rubber grommet in the reservoir.
4. Remove the Old Reservoir: The reservoir is typically held in place by bolts or screws. Remove these fasteners carefully. You may need to remove other components (such as the fender liner or air intake components) to access the reservoir. Take photos of the reservoir's location and attachments before removal to help with reinstallation.
5. Install the New Reservoir: Place the new reservoir in the same location as the old one and secure it with the bolts or screws you removed earlier.
6. Reinstall the Washer Pump: If you're reusing the old pump, clean it thoroughly and reinstall it into the new reservoir, ensuring it's securely seated in the grommet (if applicable). Connect the hoses and electrical connector(s). If you're installing a new pump, follow the manufacturer's instructions.
7. Reconnect Hoses and Electrical Connectors: Double-check that all hoses are properly connected and secured. Make sure the electrical connector(s) are firmly plugged in.
8. Refill the Reservoir: Fill the reservoir with fresh washer fluid, using a fluid specifically designed for the temperature range you expect.
9. Test the System: Activate the windshield washer to check for proper spray from all nozzles. Look for any leaks around the reservoir, pump, or hoses. If the spray is weak or uneven, check for clogged nozzles and clear them with a needle or compressed air.
10. Reinstall Any Removed Components: If you removed any fender liners or other components to access the reservoir, reinstall them securely.

Important Considerations:

• Safety First: Disconnect the negative battery terminal before starting any electrical work on your car.
• Part Compatibility: Always use the correct replacement reservoir for your vehicle's make, model, and year. Using an incompatible part can lead to fitment issues and performance problems.
• Washer Pump Condition: If your old washer pump is showing signs of age or wear, consider replacing it along with the reservoir. This can save you the hassle of having to replace the pump later.
• Hose Condition: Inspect the washer fluid hoses for cracks or damage. Replace them if necessary.

Cost Estimates and Shop Advice

The cost of replacing a washer fluid reservoir can vary depending on the make and model of your vehicle and whether you choose to do it yourself or have it done by a professional.

• DIY Replacement: The cost of the reservoir itself can range from $20 to $150, depending on the vehicle and the quality of the part. Add to that the cost of new washer fluid (around $5-$10) and potentially a new washer pump (another $20-$100, if needed). So, a DIY replacement could cost anywhere from $45 to $260.
• Professional Replacement: If you choose to have a mechanic replace the reservoir, you'll need to factor in labor costs. Labor rates vary, but you can expect to pay between $80 and $200 in labor, bringing the total cost to $125 to $460 or more.

Shop Advice: Before taking your car to a mechanic, call around and get quotes from a few different shops. Ask if they use OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) or aftermarket parts. OEM parts are generally more expensive but are designed to meet the exact specifications of your vehicle. Aftermarket parts can be more affordable but may not always be of the same quality. Also, ask about the warranty on the parts and labor.

When to Seek Professional Help: If you're not comfortable working on your car or if you encounter difficulties during the replacement process, it's best to seek professional help. A mechanic can diagnose the problem accurately and ensure that the reservoir is replaced correctly.

Technical Service Bulletins and Common Failure Points

While I can't provide specific TSB (Technical Service Bulletin) numbers without knowing your vehicle's make and model, it's always a good idea to check for any TSBs related to washer fluid reservoir problems for your specific vehicle. You can usually find this information on websites like the NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) website or through online forums dedicated to your car model.

In general, some common failure points reported in online communities and seen by mechanics include:

• Ford Trucks and SUVs: Cracking of the reservoir near the pump mounting point is a frequently reported issue, often around the 100,000-mile mark.
• Honda and Toyota Sedans: Leaks developing around the seam of the reservoir halves are a known issue after several years of service.
• Vehicles in Cold Climates: As mentioned previously, freezing weather can significantly shorten the lifespan of a reservoir, especially if the correct winter-grade fluid isn't used.

By understanding the symptoms, causes, and solutions for a faulty washer fluid reservoir, you can keep your windshield clean and your visibility clear, ensuring a safer driving experience.