How To Drift On Automatic Car

Drifting, the art of controlled oversteer, is typically associated with manual transmissions, giving the driver precise control over gear selection and clutch engagement to initiate and sustain slides. However, it's becoming increasingly popular – and possible – to drift with an automatic transmission. While it presents unique challenges and differs significantly from the conventional manual technique, mastering the art of drifting in an automatic opens up a new dimension of car control for experienced drivers. This article will delve into the technical aspects of drifting an automatic car, providing a comprehensive guide for the intermediate car owner or DIY mechanic.

Background: Understanding Automatic Transmissions

Before diving into the techniques, it's crucial to understand the fundamentals of an automatic transmission. Unlike a manual transmission that uses a driver-operated clutch to directly connect the engine to the transmission, an automatic transmission relies on a torque converter. A torque converter is a fluid coupling that transfers power from the engine to the transmission input shaft. Inside the torque converter, there are three main components: the impeller (connected to the engine), the turbine (connected to the transmission), and the stator (which redirects fluid flow to increase torque multiplication).

Furthermore, automatic transmissions use a series of planetary gearsets to achieve different gear ratios. These gearsets are controlled by a complex hydraulic system and a series of clutches and bands. The Transmission Control Unit (TCU), a computer module, monitors various sensors (engine speed, throttle position, vehicle speed, etc.) to determine the optimal gear selection and manage the engagement of the clutches and bands within the transmission.

Newer automatic transmissions are often equipped with features like paddle shifters or a manual shift mode. This allows the driver to override the automatic gear selection and choose specific gears. Some vehicles might also incorporate features such as launch control or rev matching, though those are typically found on performance-oriented cars.

Technical Breakdown: How to Drift an Automatic

Drifting an automatic car is significantly different than drifting a manual car because of the lack of a direct mechanical connection. The key challenges lie in initiating the slide and maintaining consistent wheel spin. Here's a step-by-step breakdown:

1. Preparation and Assessment:

First, find a safe and controlled environment, such as a designated skid pad or track. Ensure the area is free of obstacles and has ample run-off space. Safety is paramount. Check your tire pressures; slightly overinflating the rear tires can reduce grip and make it easier to initiate oversteer. However, don't exceed the maximum pressure indicated on the tire sidewall.

2. Disabling Traction Control and Stability Control:

This is crucial. Traction control and stability control systems are designed to prevent wheel spin and maintain vehicle stability. They will actively work against your attempts to drift by cutting power or applying brakes to individual wheels. Locate the buttons or menu options in your car to disable these systems. Note that in some vehicles, these systems cannot be fully disabled.

3. Choosing the Right Gear:

Select the appropriate gear using the manual shift mode or paddle shifters, if equipped. The target gear should be one that allows the engine to stay in the power band (the range of RPM where the engine produces the most horsepower and torque) while also providing enough wheel spin. This typically involves starting in second or third gear, depending on the vehicle and track conditions. It’s essential to maintain engine RPM in a range high enough to promote and sustain wheelspin; avoid ‘bogging down’ or excessive engine braking.

4. Initiating the Drift:

There are several techniques to initiate a drift in an automatic car:

Power Over: This is the most common method. While already in the desired gear and RPM range, apply a sudden burst of throttle while simultaneously steering into the corner. The goal is to overwhelm the rear tires with power, causing them to lose traction and initiate a slide.
Weight Transfer: This involves shifting the car's weight to the outside front tire, reducing grip on the rear tires. You can achieve this by quickly flicking the steering wheel in the opposite direction of the intended turn (a Scandinavian flick) and then immediately turning into the corner while applying throttle. This technique is more effective at higher speeds.
Clutch Kick (If Applicable and Safe): Some automatic transmissions have a very short delay between gear changes when using paddle shifters. If your car allows, you can try a modified "clutch kick" by rapidly downshifting and upshifting in quick succession. This can shock the drivetrain and induce wheel spin. However, be cautious as this can put significant stress on the transmission.

5. Maintaining the Drift:

Once the drift is initiated, the real challenge is to maintain it. This requires constant adjustments to the throttle and steering. Apply counter-steering – steering in the opposite direction of the turn – to control the angle of the slide. Use the throttle to modulate the amount of wheel spin. Too much throttle will result in a spin-out, while too little will cause the car to straighten out.

Throttle control is paramount. Smooth and precise throttle inputs are crucial for maintaining a consistent drift angle. Pay attention to the car's balance and make subtle adjustments to the steering and throttle to maintain control.

If you start to lose control, gradually reduce the throttle and straighten the steering wheel to regain grip.

6. Throttle Steering:

Throttle steering involves using the throttle to steer the car, rather than relying solely on the steering wheel. By increasing the throttle, you increase the angle of the slide. By decreasing the throttle, you decrease the angle of the slide. This technique takes practice to master, but it is essential for maintaining a smooth and controlled drift.

Common Issues and Maintenance Concerns

Drifting puts significant stress on the car's components. When drifting an automatic, be aware of the following potential issues:

Transmission Overheating: Automatic transmissions are particularly susceptible to overheating under sustained high-load conditions like drifting. The torque converter generates a lot of heat, and prolonged slipping can exacerbate the problem. Consider installing a transmission cooler to improve cooling capacity. Regularly check the transmission fluid level and condition. Darkened or burnt-smelling fluid indicates overheating and requires immediate attention.
Differential Damage: The differential is responsible for distributing power to the rear wheels. Drifting can put excessive stress on the differential, potentially leading to premature wear or failure. Ensure the differential fluid is regularly changed and consider upgrading to a stronger aftermarket differential if you plan on drifting frequently. A limited-slip differential (LSD) can significantly improve traction and control during drifting.
Tire Wear: Drifting rapidly wears down tires, especially the rear tires. Monitor tire wear closely and replace tires as needed. Using dedicated drift tires (with a lower treadwear rating) can improve performance, but they will wear out even faster.
Brake Wear: While not directly related to drifting technique, emergency situations may require significant braking force, so be sure your braking system is properly maintained with high-quality components and plenty of pad life.
Suspension Wear: The constant weight shifting and cornering forces associated with drifting can accelerate wear on suspension components, such as shocks, struts, and bushings. Regularly inspect these components for damage or wear and replace them as needed.

Do's and Don'ts / Best Practices

Do start slow and gradually increase your speed and drift angle as you gain experience.
Do practice in a safe and controlled environment.
Do regularly inspect and maintain your car, paying particular attention to the transmission, differential, tires, and suspension.
Do consider upgrading your car with performance-oriented parts, such as a transmission cooler, limited-slip differential, and stiffer suspension components.
Don't drift on public roads. It is illegal and dangerous.
Don't attempt to drift if you are not comfortable with car control.
Don't neglect maintenance. Regular servicing is essential for preventing costly repairs.
Don't overstress the transmission. Avoid prolonged periods of high-RPM slipping.
Best practice - Learn to listen to your car. It will give you feedback on what it can and cannot do.
Best practice - Take a class. Experienced instructors can significantly accelerate the learning curve and provide valuable safety tips.

Conclusion

Drifting an automatic car is certainly a different beast compared to its manual counterpart. It demands a deep understanding of the automatic transmission's intricacies and a refined control over throttle and steering. While it presents unique challenges, mastering the technique can be incredibly rewarding. However, it's crucial to prioritize safety, maintain your car meticulously, and be mindful of the potential strain on its components. While possible, and even enjoyable, it's best to reserve drifting with an automatic transmission for dedicated track days or closed courses. If you are serious about drifting, I highly recommend considering a car with a manual transmission or a dedicated drift car build to maximize your control and minimize potential damage.