How To Install A Windshield Washer Pump

Having trouble seeing through your windshield because your washer fluid isn't spraying? You're not alone! A malfunctioning windshield washer pump can be a major safety hazard, especially in inclement weather. We'll walk you through diagnosing the issue and, more importantly, show you how to replace the pump yourself. This will not only save you money but also give you the satisfaction of tackling a common automotive repair. While not a complex job, proper diagnosis and a little patience are key to success.

Symptoms of a Failing Windshield Washer Pump

Identifying the signs of a failing windshield washer pump is the first step. Here are some common symptoms to look out for:

No fluid spraying: This is the most obvious sign. You activate the windshield washer, but nothing comes out.
Weak or inconsistent spray: The fluid might trickle out instead of spraying forcefully. The spray pattern may be uneven or only come from one nozzle.
Whirring or buzzing sound without fluid: You can hear the pump motor running, but no fluid is being dispensed.
No sound at all when activated: The pump is completely silent, indicating a possible electrical issue or a seized motor.
Washer fluid leaking near the reservoir: While less common, a leak could be a sign of a cracked pump housing or a loose connection.
Dirty windshield: If you're constantly struggling to clean your windshield due to a lack of washer fluid, this is a strong indicator.
Check Engine Light (rare): In some newer vehicles, a problem with the windshield washer system might trigger a check engine light, although this is less frequent than other symptoms.

The Root Cause: Why Windshield Washer Pumps Fail

Windshield washer pumps are small electric motors that sit in or near the washer fluid reservoir. Their job is simple: to draw fluid from the reservoir and pump it through the hoses to the spray nozzles on your hood or cowl. Several factors can contribute to their failure:

Age and Wear: Like any mechanical device, windshield washer pumps have a limited lifespan. Over time, the motor windings can wear out, the impeller can become damaged, or the seals can degrade.
Contaminated Washer Fluid: Using dirty or contaminated washer fluid can clog the pump's intake screen or damage the impeller. Sediment and debris can build up inside the pump, reducing its efficiency or causing it to seize.
Freezing Weather: If you use water instead of proper windshield washer fluid, the water can freeze in the pump and reservoir, causing the pump to crack or the motor to seize. Even diluted washer fluid can freeze in extremely cold temperatures.
Electrical Issues: A blown fuse, a faulty wiring connection, or a damaged switch can prevent the pump from receiving power.
Pump Running Dry: Repeatedly activating the pump when the reservoir is empty can overheat the motor and damage it.
Mineral Deposits: Hard water or low-quality washer fluid can leave mineral deposits inside the pump, hindering its operation.

Essentially, these pumps are relatively inexpensive and are not designed to last the entire life of the vehicle. They're exposed to the elements, constantly submerged in fluid, and subject to electrical stresses. Therefore, failure is a relatively common occurrence.

What Happens If You Ignore a Failing Windshield Washer Pump?

Ignoring a failing windshield washer pump isn't just an inconvenience; it can be a safety hazard. Here's why:

Reduced Visibility: A dirty windshield can significantly impair your vision, especially in rain, snow, or when driving at night. This increases the risk of accidents.
Decreased Reaction Time: Reduced visibility can delay your reaction time in emergency situations, making it harder to avoid collisions.
Dirty Headlights: In some vehicles, the windshield washer system also cleans the headlights. A malfunctioning pump can leave your headlights dirty, reducing their effectiveness.
Violation of Traffic Laws: In some jurisdictions, driving with a dirty windshield can result in a traffic ticket.
Further Damage: Continuously attempting to use a failing pump can overload the electrical system and potentially damage other components.

Simply put, a clear windshield is essential for safe driving. Don't let a faulty washer pump compromise your safety.

Recommended Fixes: Replacing the Windshield Washer Pump

Replacing the windshield washer pump is usually the best solution. Here's a step-by-step guide:

Tools and Materials You'll Need:

New windshield washer pump (be sure to get the correct one for your vehicle make, model, and year)
Socket set and/or wrenches
Screwdrivers (Phillips and flathead)
Pliers
Multimeter (optional, for testing electrical connections)
New windshield washer fluid
Jack and jack stands (if the pump is located behind the wheel well)
Drain pan (to catch spilled washer fluid)
Gloves
Safety glasses
Shop towels or rags

Step-by-Step Instructions:

Safety First: Disconnect the negative battery cable to prevent electrical shorts. Wear safety glasses and gloves.
Locate the Washer Fluid Reservoir: The reservoir is usually located in the engine compartment, often near the fender.
Access the Pump: This step varies depending on your vehicle.
- Behind the Wheel Well: You may need to jack up the vehicle, secure it with jack stands, and remove the wheel. Then, remove the inner fender liner to access the reservoir and pump.
- Direct Access: In some vehicles, you can access the pump directly from the engine compartment.
Drain the Reservoir: If possible, siphon out the washer fluid using a hose or turkey baster. If not, be prepared for some spillage when you remove the pump. Place a drain pan underneath the reservoir.
Disconnect the Electrical Connector: Carefully disconnect the electrical connector from the pump. You may need to press a release tab.
Disconnect the Washer Fluid Hoses: Use pliers to gently loosen the clamps on the washer fluid hoses and pull them off the pump. Be prepared for some fluid to spill. Note the orientation of the hoses for easy reinstallation.
Remove the Old Pump: Most pumps are held in place with a rubber grommet. Gently pull the pump straight out of the grommet. Some pumps may be secured with screws or bolts.
Install the New Pump:
- Inspect the grommet: If the grommet is damaged or worn, replace it.
- Insert the new pump into the grommet: Push the pump firmly into place.
- Reconnect the washer fluid hoses: Make sure the hoses are securely attached and the clamps are properly positioned.
- Reconnect the electrical connector: Ensure the connector clicks into place.
Refill the Reservoir: Fill the reservoir with new windshield washer fluid.
Test the Pump: Reconnect the negative battery cable. Activate the windshield washer and check for proper spray from the nozzles. If the spray is weak, check for kinks in the hoses or clogs in the nozzles. You may need to use a small pin to clear the nozzles.
Reassemble: If you removed the wheel and fender liner, reinstall them.

Troubleshooting Tips:

No Power: If the new pump still doesn't work, check the fuse for the windshield washer system. Consult your owner's manual for the fuse location. Use a multimeter to check for voltage at the pump's electrical connector. If there's no voltage, the problem could be a faulty switch or wiring.
Clogged Nozzles: If the pump is working but the spray is weak or uneven, the nozzles may be clogged. Use a small pin or needle to clear the nozzles.
Air in the System: If the pump is sputtering, there may be air in the system. Try running the pump for a longer period to bleed out the air.

Cost Estimates and Shop Advice

Replacing a windshield washer pump is a relatively inexpensive repair. The cost of the pump itself typically ranges from $20 to $80, depending on the vehicle make and model. If you do it yourself, you'll only pay for the pump and washer fluid.

If you choose to have a professional mechanic replace the pump, you can expect to pay between $80 and $200, including labor. The labor cost will vary depending on the location of the pump and the complexity of the job.

Should you DIY or go to a shop? If you're comfortable working on your car and have basic tools, replacing the windshield washer pump is a manageable DIY project. However, if you're not mechanically inclined or don't have the necessary tools, it's best to take it to a professional. The key is proper diagnosis before replacing parts.

Credibility and Common Failure Points

While not always specifically addressed in Technical Service Bulletins (TSBs), the failure of windshield washer pumps is a known issue across many vehicle manufacturers. Online forums and community data reveal that these pumps often fail between 50,000 and 100,000 miles, although this can vary depending on usage and environmental conditions.

Some manufacturers have issued recalls or extended warranties for specific models due to washer pump failures, so it's worth checking with your dealer to see if your vehicle is covered. The common failure point is usually the motor itself, succumbing to wear and tear, or damage from contaminated fluid. Replacing the pump with a quality aftermarket or OEM part ensures a reliable repair.

By following these steps and tips, you can successfully replace your windshield washer pump and restore your visibility on the road. Remember to prioritize safety and take your time. A little patience and attention to detail will go a long way!