How To Replace Windshield Washer Reservoir

Is your windshield perpetually smeared, no matter how many times you try to clean it? Do you hear the washer pump working, but nothing comes out, or maybe just a dribble? You might be dealing with a faulty windshield washer reservoir. Replacing it is often a straightforward DIY project that can significantly improve your driving visibility and safety. This article walks you through identifying the problem, understanding the cause, and performing the replacement.

Symptoms of a Failing Windshield Washer Reservoir

Recognizing the symptoms early can prevent further complications. Here's what to look for:

No fluid spraying: This is the most obvious symptom. You activate the washer pump, but no fluid comes out onto the windshield.
Weak or inconsistent spray: The spray might be weak, intermittent, or only come out of some nozzles.
Washer fluid leaking: You might notice a puddle of blue or green fluid under your car, especially near the front.
Washer pump running but no fluid: You can hear the pump whirring, but nothing is being dispensed. This often indicates a leak preventing proper suction.
Low washer fluid warning light: Your dashboard warning light might illuminate even after filling the reservoir, indicating a leak or a faulty sensor.
Frozen washer fluid: In colder climates, if the fluid freezes and expands, it can crack the reservoir. This may present as a leak when the temperature rises.
Visible cracks or damage: Inspect the reservoir itself for any physical damage. This is especially crucial if you’ve recently been in a minor collision.
Unusual noises: Grinding or whining noises from the washer pump could indicate that it's running dry due to a lack of fluid in the reservoir, or that the pump itself is damaged.

Root Cause: Why Windshield Washer Reservoirs Fail

Windshield washer reservoirs are typically made of plastic, and they’re exposed to harsh conditions under the hood, including extreme temperatures, vibrations, and corrosive chemicals. Several factors can contribute to their failure:

Cracks due to age and temperature fluctuations: Over time, the plastic can become brittle and develop cracks, especially with constant temperature changes.
Impact damage: Even a minor fender bender can crack the reservoir, even if the damage isn't immediately apparent.
Freezing washer fluid: As mentioned, if the fluid freezes, it expands and can crack the reservoir, especially around the seams or the pump mounting points. Using the correct type of washer fluid rated for your climate is crucial.
Deterioration of seals and grommets: The seals and grommets that connect the pump and hoses to the reservoir can dry out and crack, leading to leaks.
Pump failure: While this article focuses on the reservoir, a failing pump can put undue stress on the reservoir or its connections, leading to leaks or damage. Sometimes, the pump itself can leak, making it appear as though the reservoir is the problem.
Clogging: Debris and sediment can accumulate in the reservoir and clog the pump intake, causing the pump to work harder and potentially crack the reservoir or its fittings.

Consequences of Ignoring a Leaky Washer Reservoir

While a leaky washer reservoir might seem like a minor inconvenience, ignoring it can lead to several problems:

Reduced visibility: A dirty windshield impairs your vision, especially in adverse weather conditions, increasing the risk of accidents.
Increased risk of accidents: Obstructed vision is a significant safety hazard.
Damage to the washer pump: Running the pump without sufficient fluid can cause it to overheat and burn out, requiring replacement.
Environmental concerns: Washer fluid is often a brightly colored liquid that contains chemicals which can be harmful to the environment. Leaking fluid contributes to pollution.
Potential for electrical problems: Leaking fluid can potentially damage electrical components near the reservoir.

Recommended Fixes: Replacing the Windshield Washer Reservoir

The best solution for a cracked or leaking windshield washer reservoir is replacement. Here's a general overview of the process. Always consult your vehicle's repair manual for specific instructions and torque specifications.

Tools and Materials Needed:

New windshield washer reservoir (ensure it's the correct part for your vehicle)
Socket set and wrenches
Screwdrivers (Phillips and flathead)
Pliers
Drain pan
New windshield washer fluid
Gloves
Safety glasses
Shop towels
Optional: New washer pump (if necessary)

Step-by-Step Replacement Guide:

Safety First: Disconnect the negative battery terminal to prevent any electrical shorts. Wear safety glasses and gloves.
Drain the Remaining Fluid: If there's still fluid in the reservoir, use a siphon or carefully detach a hose at the bottom of the reservoir and drain it into a drain pan. Properly dispose of the used fluid.
Remove Components Around the Reservoir: Depending on the vehicle, you may need to remove components like the air filter housing, coolant reservoir, or other parts to access the washer reservoir. Note the location of all hoses and connectors before disconnecting them. Take photos if needed.
Disconnect Electrical Connectors and Hoses: Disconnect the electrical connector to the washer pump. Carefully detach the washer fluid hoses from the reservoir and pump. Use pliers if necessary to loosen clamps.
Remove the Reservoir Mounting Bolts or Screws: Locate the mounting bolts or screws holding the reservoir in place. Remove them and carefully detach the reservoir. Note how it's positioned for reinstallation.
Transfer the Washer Pump (If Necessary): If the new reservoir doesn't come with a new pump, carefully remove the pump from the old reservoir and install it into the new one. Ensure the pump is properly seated and secured. Replace the pump's rubber grommet if it looks worn or damaged.
Install the New Reservoir: Position the new reservoir in place and secure it with the mounting bolts or screws. Tighten them to the manufacturer's specified torque.
Reconnect Electrical Connectors and Hoses: Reconnect the electrical connector to the washer pump. Reattach the washer fluid hoses to the reservoir and pump, ensuring they are securely clamped.
Reinstall Removed Components: Reinstall any components that were removed to access the reservoir, such as the air filter housing or coolant reservoir.
Fill the Reservoir with Washer Fluid: Fill the reservoir with the correct type of windshield washer fluid for your climate.
Reconnect the Battery: Reconnect the negative battery terminal.
Test the System: Activate the windshield washers to ensure they are working properly. Check for any leaks around the reservoir, pump, and hoses.

Important Considerations:

Vehicle-Specific Instructions: Always consult your vehicle's repair manual for detailed instructions and torque specifications specific to your model.
Washer Pump Condition: If the washer pump is old or showing signs of wear, consider replacing it along with the reservoir to avoid future problems.
Hose Condition: Inspect the washer fluid hoses for cracks or brittleness. Replace them if necessary.
Cleanliness: Clean the area around the reservoir before installing the new one to prevent debris from entering the system.
Fluid Type: Use the correct type of windshield washer fluid for your climate to prevent freezing.

Cost Estimates and Shop Advice

The cost of replacing a windshield washer reservoir can vary depending on the vehicle make and model, the price of the replacement part, and whether you do it yourself or hire a professional.

DIY Replacement: The cost of the reservoir itself can range from $30 to $150 or more, depending on the complexity and manufacturer. Add the cost of washer fluid and any tools you might need.
Professional Replacement: If you choose to have a mechanic replace the reservoir, expect to pay for the part plus labor. Labor costs can range from $50 to $200 or more, depending on the shop rate and the complexity of the job. Therefore, a professional replacement can cost between $80 and $350+.

Shop Advice: If you're not comfortable working on your car, it's best to take it to a qualified mechanic. Get quotes from several shops before making a decision. Ask if they use OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) or aftermarket parts. OEM parts are generally more expensive but offer better quality and fit. Aftermarket parts can be a more budget-friendly option, but make sure they are from a reputable brand.

Credibility and Additional Information

While there isn't typically a specific TSB (Technical Service Bulletin) for washer reservoir failures unless it's a widespread design flaw, online forums and owner communities often discuss common issues. For example, many owners of certain Honda models have reported issues with the reservoir cracking due to engine heat. Similarly, some GM vehicles have had issues with pump grommets deteriorating prematurely. This community data can be valuable in diagnosing and addressing the problem effectively.

The lifespan of a windshield washer reservoir can vary, but many fail around the 5-10 year mark or after 100,000 miles, depending on climate and usage.

By understanding the symptoms, causes, and solutions outlined in this article, you can effectively diagnose and address a failing windshield washer reservoir, ensuring clear visibility and safe driving.